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Sheila Y. Oliver (born July 14, 1952) is an American Democratic Party politician, who has served in the New Jersey General Assembly since 2004, where she represents the 34th legislative district. She previously served as the Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly for two terms, from January 12, 2010 to January 14, 2014. ==Biography and political career== Oliver was born and grew up in Newark graduating from Weequahic High School in 1970.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Some Distinguished Weequahic Alumni )〕 Oliver graduated cum laude with a B.A. from Lincoln University in 1974 in Sociology and was awarded an M.S. from Columbia University in Planning and Administration in 1976.〔〔 She served on the East Orange Board of Education from 1994 to 2000, chosen as its Vice President from 1998 to 1999 and President from 1999 to 2000. She served on the Essex County Board of Chosen Freeholders for one term from 1996 to 1999.〔 In 1997, she became the first woman to launch a competitive campaign for Mayor in the City of East Orange, losing the election by a 51 votes to Robert L. Bowser.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=New Jersey Apportionment Committee - Commission Membership )〕 Oliver was one of the founders of the Newark Coalition for Low Income Housing, an organization that successfully sued the Newark Housing Authority and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in federal court to block the demolition of all publicly subsidized low income housing in Newark, as there was no plan in place for the construction of replacement housing for low-income Newark residents. As a result, the Newark Housing Authority was directed by a federal consent order to build one-for-one replacement housing for low-income residents. As a part of intra-party deal making in 2003, Oliver was chosen alongside incumbent Assemblyman Peter C. Eagler to be the party-backed candidates in the June 2003 primary election for General Assembly. Incumbent Assemblyman Willis Edwards was dropped from the ticket as a result. She has been re-elected to two-year terms in every cycle since her initial election in 2003. On November 23, 2009, Oliver was elected unanimously by Assembly Democrats to become the 169th Speaker of the Assembly. Her election made her the second woman to serve as Speaker in New Jersey history, the first being Marion West Higgins, who served in 1965, and the second African American to hold this post, the first being S. Howard Woodson, who first held the post in 1974.〔Hester, Tom, Sr. ("Steve Sweeney elected N.J. Senate president; Sheila Oliver named Assembly speaker" ), NewJerseyNewsroom.com, November 23, 2009. Accessed June 11, 2011. "Oliver will become the first African-American woman and the second woman to serve as Assembly speaker. She will be the second African-American and the second woman to hold the post.... Oliver will be the first woman speaker since Marion West Higgins (R-Bergen) in 1965. She will be the first African-American speaker since the Rev. S. Howard Woodson (D-Mercer) in 1974 and 1975."〕 Nationwide, she is the second African American woman to lead a state legislature after Karen Bass of California.〔 On June 10, 2013, she formally announced that she would run in the special election for the senate seat held by Frank Lautenberg. She did not win any county endorsements in the special primary held on August 13 and came in last of four candidates winning only four percent of the vote. Oliver serves in the Assembly on the Commerce and Economic Development Committee, the Transportation and Independent Authorities Committee, the Joint Committee on Economic Justice and Equal Employment Opportunity, and the Joint Committee on the Public Schools.〔(Assemblywoman Oliver's legislative web page ), New Jersey Legislature. Accessed September 24, 2015.〕 Oliver remained speaker for the 2012–2013 session through a deal made with Senator Nicholas Sacco, Essex County Executive Joseph N. DiVincenzo, Jr., and South Jersey political boss George Norcross. Two years later, most Assembly Democrats backed Vincent Prieto for Speaker in the next session. In the current Assembly term, Oliver is designated Speaker Emeritus.〔 Outside of the Legislature, Oliver works as an assistant administrator for Essex County. She is a resident of East Orange.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Assemblywoman Shelia Y. Oliver Bio Page )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sheila Oliver」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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